{
  "date": "2026-10-23",
  "previous_revision": "8eb2b004",
  "hardware": {
    "cpu": "Intel Core i7-12650H",
    "os": "Linux x86-64 / WSL2",
    "jdk": "OpenJDK 17.0.20.1"
  },
  "native": {
    "profile": "release",
    "features": [
      "mimalloc",
      "rocksdb-state"
    ],
    "sha256": "b574491f08427c8b128107d6286cb403421a0bafbdba7a0e5cdd8fea30562d16",
    "source_revision": "189edb21; native sources unchanged through 8eb2b004 and this increment"
  },
  "configuration": {
    "flink": "2.2.1",
    "parallelism": 1,
    "rows": 500000,
    "warmups_per_engine": 2,
    "measured_trials_per_engine": 3,
    "unicode": true,
    "text_payload_bytes": 32,
    "null_container_every": 8,
    "test_heap_gib": 8,
    "input": "runtime row source",
    "sink": "blackhole",
    "boundary": "planning, submission and complete processing including both row/Arrow transposes; cluster setup and initial explain excluded",
    "execution": "alternating stock/native in each JVM; candidate and previous in separate JVMs; no concurrent tests or benchmarks",
    "previous_admission": "new expressions must have zero native substitutions; source-matched identity controls must have NativeCalc"
  },
  "inputs": {
    "tt_decimal_array": {
      "type": "ARRAY<DECIMAL(38,9)>",
      "values": [
        "12345678901234567890.123456700",
        null,
        "-0.000000100"
      ]
    },
    "tt_json_array": {
      "type": "ARRAY<STRING>",
      "values": [
        "32-byte-budget Unicode text",
        null,
        "tail"
      ]
    },
    "tt_json_map": {
      "type": "MAP<STRING NOT NULL,STRING>",
      "ordered_entries": [
        [
          "first",
          "32-byte-budget Unicode text"
        ],
        [
          "absent",
          null
        ],
        [
          "last",
          "tail"
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "trials": {
    "current": [
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.180734
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.322296
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.261134
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.189764
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.174113
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.305876
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.262381
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.27484
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
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        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.270671
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
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        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.259116
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      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.252827
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.271089
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.390911
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.48511
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
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        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.492232
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.384401
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      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.37728
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.478935
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.406602
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.568279
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
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        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.547139
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.397808
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.410599
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.546228
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.352671
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.577292
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.573435
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.357062
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.355477
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.592959
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.56446
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.899699
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.90022
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.561181
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.553266
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.8876
      }
    ],
    "previous": [
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.256885
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.260696
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.25886
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.217172
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.226857
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.255935
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.366643
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.281369
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.268049
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.265674
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.26528
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_array",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.273576
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.377408
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.47899
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.480395
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.377766
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.369423
      },
      {
        "function": "BASELINE_tt_json_map",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.467909
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.420968
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.406225
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.401366
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.40351
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.409036
      },
      {
        "function": "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.395287
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.360393
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.361236
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.338167
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.356133
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.37206
      },
      {
        "function": "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.355399
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.560089
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 0,
        "seconds": 0.557814
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.569516
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 1,
        "seconds": 0.564423
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "flink",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.563984
      },
      {
        "function": "MAP_FORMAT_STRING",
        "engine": "native",
        "trial": 2,
        "seconds": 0.559865
      }
    ]
  },
  "summary": {
    "ARRAY_FORMAT_STRING": {
      "current_flink": {
        "median": 0.406602,
        "min": 0.397808,
        "max": 0.410599
      },
      "current_native": {
        "median": 0.547139,
        "min": 0.546228,
        "max": 0.568279
      },
      "previous_flink": {
        "median": 0.409036,
        "min": 0.40351,
        "max": 0.420968
      },
      "previous_native": {
        "median": 0.401366,
        "min": 0.395287,
        "max": 0.406225
      }
    },
    "BASELINE_tt_decimal_array": {
      "current_flink": {
        "median": 0.180734,
        "min": 0.174113,
        "max": 0.189764
      },
      "current_native": {
        "median": 0.305876,
        "min": 0.261134,
        "max": 0.322296
      },
      "previous_flink": {
        "median": 0.226857,
        "min": 0.217172,
        "max": 0.256885
      },
      "previous_native": {
        "median": 0.25886,
        "min": 0.255935,
        "max": 0.260696
      }
    },
    "BASELINE_tt_json_array": {
      "current_flink": {
        "median": 0.259116,
        "min": 0.252827,
        "max": 0.262381
      },
      "current_native": {
        "median": 0.271089,
        "min": 0.270671,
        "max": 0.27484
      },
      "previous_flink": {
        "median": 0.265674,
        "min": 0.26528,
        "max": 0.366643
      },
      "previous_native": {
        "median": 0.273576,
        "min": 0.268049,
        "max": 0.281369
      }
    },
    "BASELINE_tt_json_map": {
      "current_flink": {
        "median": 0.384401,
        "min": 0.37728,
        "max": 0.390911
      },
      "current_native": {
        "median": 0.48511,
        "min": 0.478935,
        "max": 0.492232
      },
      "previous_flink": {
        "median": 0.377408,
        "min": 0.369423,
        "max": 0.377766
      },
      "previous_native": {
        "median": 0.47899,
        "min": 0.467909,
        "max": 0.480395
      }
    },
    "MAP_FORMAT_STRING": {
      "current_flink": {
        "median": 0.561181,
        "min": 0.553266,
        "max": 0.56446
      },
      "current_native": {
        "median": 0.899699,
        "min": 0.8876,
        "max": 0.90022
      },
      "previous_flink": {
        "median": 0.563984,
        "min": 0.560089,
        "max": 0.564423
      },
      "previous_native": {
        "median": 0.559865,
        "min": 0.557814,
        "max": 0.569516
      }
    },
    "TEXT_ARRAY_FORMAT_CHAR": {
      "current_flink": {
        "median": 0.355477,
        "min": 0.352671,
        "max": 0.357062
      },
      "current_native": {
        "median": 0.577292,
        "min": 0.573435,
        "max": 0.592959
      },
      "previous_flink": {
        "median": 0.360393,
        "min": 0.356133,
        "max": 0.37206
      },
      "previous_native": {
        "median": 0.355399,
        "min": 0.338167,
        "max": 0.361236
      }
    }
  },
  "cpu_profiles": {
    "profiler": "async-profiler 4.6",
    "event": "cpu",
    "interval": "1ms",
    "capture_seconds_each": 8,
    "passes": 2,
    "boundary": "repeated complete jobs after one warmup, all JVM threads; includes planning, submission and compilation",
    "limitations": "inclusive counts overlap and are not allocation or copied-byte measurements",
    "captures": {
      "array_format_string-native": {
        "total_samples": 15151,
        "inclusive_method_samples": {
          "NativeUdf.invokeUdf": 3660,
          "FlinkExpressionFunction.evalRow": 2521,
          "NestedStringWriter.doWrite": 448,
          "StringCacheColumns.read": 7,
          "ArrayWriter.doWrite": 707,
          "MapWriter.doWrite": 0,
          "Utf16Cache$Writer.write": 324
        },
        "top_self_samples": {
          "_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_[k]": 361,
          "java/lang/Long.getChars_[i]": 328,
          "IndexSetIterator::advance_and_next": 298,
          "PhaseChaitin::Split": 222,
          "java/lang/StringUTF16.newString_[i]": 214,
          "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6": 196,
          "java/math/BigInteger.stripLeadingZeroBytes_[i]": 179,
          "PhaseChaitin::gather_lrg_masks": 174,
          "java/util/Arrays.fill_[i]": 171,
          "org/apache/arrow/vector/VarCharVector.get_[i]": 170,
          "itable stub": 168,
          "jlong_disjoint_arraycopy": 159,
          "jint_disjoint_arraycopy": 158,
          "java/math/BigInteger.firstNonzeroIntNum_[i]": 145,
          "clear_page_erms_[k]": 141
        }
      },
      "map_format_string-native": {
        "total_samples": 13381,
        "inclusive_method_samples": {
          "NativeUdf.invokeUdf": 3479,
          "FlinkExpressionFunction.evalRow": 2278,
          "NestedStringWriter.doWrite": 1247,
          "StringCacheColumns.read": 485,
          "ArrayWriter.doWrite": 0,
          "MapWriter.doWrite": 738,
          "Utf16Cache$Writer.write": 318
        },
        "top_self_samples": {
          "org/apache/flink/table/data/binary/BinaryStringData.ensureMaterialized_[i]": 720,
          "java/lang/ThreadLocal$ThreadLocalMap.getEntryAfterMiss_[i]": 320,
          "org/apache/flink/table/data/binary/StringUtf8Utils.decodeUTF8Strict_[j]": 300,
          "IndexSetIterator::advance_and_next": 231,
          "tech/streamfusion/arrow/writers/NestedStringWriter.doWrite_[j]": 226,
          "_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_[k]": 222,
          "java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder.inflate_[i]": 195,
          "jlong_disjoint_arraycopy": 179,
          "org/apache/flink/table/data/binary/StringUtf8Utils.encodeUTF8_[j]": 177,
          "org/apache/flink/table/data/binary/BinarySection.pointTo_[j]": 174,
          "PhaseChaitin::Split": 161,
          "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6": 153,
          "itable stub": 152,
          "jint_disjoint_arraycopy": 142,
          "clear_page_erms_[k]": 137
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "conclusion": "All new standalone forms are slower than stock and previous fallback. Existing accepted collection-extension tradeoff applies; no acceleration claim. Two profiling passes completed; no unverified cache/representation shortcut or further optimization added. Follow-up #392."
}