{
  "date": "2026-11-09",
  "base_revision": "bedc8a3462774dcb62063d20d57911f0e2d588c3",
  "machine": "Apple M4 10-core, macOS 15.3.1, Temurin 17",
  "runtime": "Hudi 1.2.1 / Flink 1.18 / release native libraries, mimalloc; 8 GiB JVM heap, 1 GiB task off-heap",
  "method": {
    "query": "INSERT INTO target SELECT name,id+1 FROM h",
    "input": "same stock-Hudi-written COW Parquet files; BIGINT id, STRING name; NULL name every seventh row",
    "output": "new unpartitioned COW target per trial, insert operation, metadata fields and metadata table disabled",
    "parallelism": 1,
    "decoder_batch_rows": 4096,
    "warmups": 2,
    "measured_trials": 5,
    "trial_order": "rotating three engines",
    "stock": "native planner disabled",
    "previous_sf": "native source/Calc enabled, only hudiSink disabled; retains Arrow-to-row sink boundary",
    "native": "native source, Calc and sink; no payload transpose",
    "timer": "executeSql through completed Hudi commit; includes planning/admission, Java I/O, JNI, encoding, metadata/coordinator/checkpoint lifecycle and intrinsic conversions",
    "outside_timer": "fixture writes, DDL registration, explain assertions, stock-Hudi aggregate readback validating count, id sum and NULL count"
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "rows": 200000,
      "trials_ms": {
        "stock": [
          749.520459,
          680.8035,
          668.27875,
          697.624375,
          825.312042
        ],
        "previous_sf": [
          862.170083,
          831.52825,
          911.433625,
          783.1285,
          739.553666
        ],
        "native": [
          668.709083,
          643.650375,
          645.426667,
          629.023125,
          562.109625
        ]
      },
      "median_ms": {
        "stock": 697.624,
        "previous_sf": 831.528,
        "native": 643.65
      },
      "range_ms": {
        "stock": [
          668.279,
          825.312
        ],
        "previous_sf": [
          739.554,
          911.434
        ],
        "native": [
          562.11,
          668.709
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "rows": 1000000,
      "trials_ms": {
        "stock": [
          1608.622125,
          1543.17125,
          1714.770875,
          1500.733791,
          1564.653417
        ],
        "previous_sf": [
          1481.891333,
          1381.777375,
          1503.64375,
          1565.429541,
          1438.4475
        ],
        "native": [
          770.822667,
          839.237917,
          886.721834,
          831.861458,
          783.314083
        ]
      },
      "median_ms": {
        "stock": 1564.653,
        "previous_sf": 1481.891,
        "native": 831.861
      },
      "range_ms": {
        "stock": [
          1500.734,
          1714.771
        ],
        "previous_sf": [
          1381.777,
          1565.43
        ],
        "native": [
          770.823,
          886.722
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "prior_investigation_runs": [
    {
      "log_cohort": "append-benchmark-200k.log",
      "rows": 200000,
      "trials_ms": {
        "stock": [
          1863.094125,
          2753.227584,
          2890.0175,
          2565.826583,
          3286.976042
        ],
        "previous_sf": [
          2288.240459,
          2331.382416,
          2666.644583,
          2811.032875,
          3084.003625
        ],
        "native": [
          2351.114167,
          2401.086458,
          2722.724,
          2347.40525,
          2733.083833
        ]
      },
      "note": "before validated-plan/effective-config admission; 200k predates rebase on upstream diagnostics changes and uses default macOS test temp root; not combined with final medians"
    },
    {
      "log_cohort": "append-benchmark-1m.log",
      "rows": 1000000,
      "trials_ms": {
        "stock": [
          1395.847666,
          1507.65075,
          1456.279667,
          1495.3,
          2308.566709
        ],
        "previous_sf": [
          1302.435,
          1436.489375,
          1474.305375,
          1443.622542,
          1663.348167
        ],
        "native": [
          822.327083,
          720.833375,
          726.419,
          1045.925833,
          1287.181083
        ]
      },
      "note": "before validated-plan/effective-config admission; 200k predates rebase on upstream diagnostics changes and uses default macOS test temp root; not combined with final medians"
    }
  ]
}